Moving to Spain as EU Citizen 2025: Complete Residence Guide & Requirements
Everything EU citizens need to know about relocating to Spain, from residence registration to healthcare access and tax obligations.
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š Quick Answer
Registration: EU certificate within 3 months, immediate NIE
Benefits: Public healthcare, unrestricted work, social benefits
Obligations: Residence registration, tax declaration if >183 days
Table of Contents
Advantages of EU Citizenship in Spain
As a European Union citizen, you have automatic rights to live, work, and study in Spain without needing visas or special permits. These are your main benefits:
š Residence & Work
- ā¢ Automatic residence rights
- ā¢ Unrestricted work rights
- ā¢ Free business establishment
- ā¢ Unlimited property ownership
š„ Social Services
- ā¢ Free public healthcare
- ā¢ Free public education
- ā¢ Unemployment benefits
- ā¢ Pensions and retirement
ā” Simplified Process
Unlike third-country nationals, you don't need to apply for visas, work permits, or residence permits. You only need to register as a resident if you plan to stay more than 3 months.
EU Citizen Registration Certificate
If you plan to live in Spain for more than 3 months, you must obtain the Registration Certificate as a European Union Citizen.
Certificate Requirements
You must demonstrate ONE of these criteria:
- š¼Employee work (employment contract)
- š¢Self-employment (registered freelancer)
- šStudy (enrollment + health insurance + economic resources)
- š°Sufficient economic resources + health insurance
Required Documents
- šCompleted official form (EX-18)
- šValid European passport or national ID
- š¼Documents justifying your situation (contract, enrollment, etc.)
- š¶ā¬12 fee (Model 790 Code 012)
š Where to Apply
Immigration Office or Police Station in your province. Prior online appointment recommended.
Getting Your NIE Number
The NIE (Foreigner Identification Number) is mandatory for any official procedure in Spain: opening bank accounts, working, buying property, signing contracts, etc.
š NIE Documents
- ā¢ Completed form EX-15
- ā¢ Original passport + photocopy
- ā¢ Reason justification
- ā¢ ā¬12 fee (Model 790)
ā±ļø Timeframes & Process
- ā¢ Mandatory online appointment
- ā¢ Immediate issuance (same day)
- ā¢ Valid permanently
- ā¢ Required for EU certificate
š” Professional Tip
Apply for the NIE before the registration certificate. You'll need it for the certificate process and any initial procedures in Spain.
Access to Spanish Healthcare System
As an EU citizen, you have the right to Spanish public healthcare once registered as resident and enrolled in Social Security.
Healthcare Coverage Options
š„ Public Healthcare
- ā¢ Free once contributing
- ā¢ Complete medical coverage
- ā¢ Discounted medications
- ā¢ Emergency & specialists
Requirement: Work or register as job seeker
š”ļø European Health Card
- ā¢ Immediate temporary coverage
- ā¢ Valid up to 2 years
- ā¢ Emergency & necessary treatments
- ā¢ Issued from your EU country
Ideal for: Initial period until getting work
Healthcare Registration Process
- 1Social Security enrollment (automatic if working)
- 2Request health card at Health Center
- 3Choose family doctor and pediatrician (if minors)
Tax Obligations in Spain
ā ļø 183-Day Rule
If you stay in Spain more than 183 days per year (not necessarily consecutive), you automatically become a Spanish tax resident and must declare your worldwide income.
Main Tax Obligations
š Income Tax Declaration (IRPF)
- ā¢ Filing: April-June each year
- ā¢ Includes: worldwide income
- ā¢ Exemptions: up to ā¬22,000 from one employer
š Model 720 (if applicable)
- ā¢ Foreign assets >ā¬50,000
- ā¢ Foreign bank accounts
- ā¢ Filing: by March 31st
š¤ Double Tax Treaties
Spain has treaties with most EU countries to avoid double taxation. You can deduct taxes paid in your home country.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I live in Spain without working?
Yes, but you must demonstrate sufficient economic resources (āā¬6,400/year) and have comprehensive private health insurance.
Do I need to speak Spanish for procedures?
Official forms are only in Spanish, but you can use official translators or management companies to help you.
How much does it cost to live in Spain as EU citizen?
Varies by region: Madrid/Barcelona ā¬1,200-2,000/month, medium cities ā¬800-1,200/month, rural areas ā¬600-900/month.
Do I lose rights in my home country?
No, you keep your original citizenship and all its rights. You can return whenever you want without restrictions.
Can I obtain Spanish citizenship?
Yes, after 10 years of legal residence (less for certain countries). As EU citizen, your time counts from registration.
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